Burner.



Nmfff'f. PATENTED SEPT. 15, 1903. F. E". 30W. WERNER.,

urn-muren mann un. 2o. 1902.

N0 MODEL..l

2 SHEETS-SHEET Z..

Ash. es.

THE Nnms Pneus co PHoYo-Llmo.. wAsHINToN, o. c.

mam/LV Patented September 15, 1903.

vPATENT FFICE.

FRED F. Dow, or FREDEaIcToN, cANADA.

fBUR'NER.

rsPncIFIcATIoIv forming part of Letters Patent No. 738,779, dated september 15,1903.

' Application filed January 20, 1902. Serial No. 90,406. (No model.)

. To @ZZ whom t may concern..-

Be it known that I, FRED F. DOW, a citizen of the United States, residing at Fredericton, in the county of York, Province of New Bru nswick, Canada, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Burners, of which the following is a specication, reference be- `ing had therein to the accompanying drawings.

My invention has for its object to provide `an economical and powerful hydrocarbon burner or heater especially fitted for use upon steam-propelled vehicles, as also in `other connectionsrequiring an efficient and compact device of this kind.

The invention will be `fully understoodfrom the following description, taken in con` nection with the accompanying drawings,

Aand in the claims at the close of the specification the novel features thereof are pointed out and clearly defined.

`In the drawings, Figure l is aplan View of a burner containing one embodiment of my invention. i Fig. 2shows the said burner in transverseverticalsection on the plane indicated by dottedline 2 2 in Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a side elevation showing the starting-coil, the

l case or holder for the latter being partially `broken away to more fully show the arrangement of the said coil. Fig. 4. is avertical sectional view ofthe starting-coil holder. Fig. 5 shows detached the starting-coil and its connections, and the connections by means of which gas is supplied to the mixing-tubes.

' The main shell of Aa burner or heater embodying my invention is represented at a, Figs. l and 2. The top and bottom sheets of the burner or heater are designated b and .0, respectively. When employed upon a steampropelled motor-Vehicle in connection with the steam-generator`of the latter, the heater -or burner usually is surrounded by an inclosingcylindrical shell. orA casing d, Figs. l, 2,

` and 3, which, however, in itself constitutes no part of myfinvention, although combined incertain relations with certain features thereof in somel cases. The space inclosed by the shell a and the top and bottom sheets b c constitutes the main gas-chamber 00, within which is received the fuel-supply in the form of vapor or gascommingled with air. The top sheet b is provided with burner-outlets e, Figs. l and 2, which arev preferably formed in groups, each group comprising a considerable number of openings or perforations formed in a circular plate f. The plates f are screwed or otherwise suitably secured in circular openings formed to receive them in the top sheet b. This particular construction is a convenient form; but, as will be obvious, other forms of construction may be employed the essential feature being openings or outlets connecting the gas-chamber With the space above the top sheet, through Which outlets gas may issue and be burned abovethe top sheet. To the proper burning of the gas above the top sheet a suitable supplyof air is necessary. For theipurpcse of supplying this airI provide intermediate the platesf air tubes or lines /wwhich project across the interior space of the burner and enter the top and -bottom sheets. Through these tubes air may pass freely from a point below the burner to a point above the top sheet, where the combustion ofthe gas is proceediug.

Centrally disposed with relation to the main gas-chamber Iprovide anauxiliary. gas-chamber y, as shown. The shell of such chamber (see Fig. 2) is for convenience of construction attached to the top sheet of the burner, preferably on the under sidethereof,

so that the auxiliary gas-cham ber is contained chamber is located centrally of the main gaschamber. The precise location is obviously wholly immaterial so long as it is such that the vaporizer, hereinafter described, 'maybe suitably placed and arranged in relation thereto, and it will be clear that more than one auxiliary chamber might be employed, especiallyin heaters of large size, in which it might be desirable to employ more than one vaporizer.

. The iiat top of the is furnished with burner-outlets constituted by small holes or perforations e2, extending through the same. The said burner-outlets auxiliary gas-chamber IOC) are preferably quite numerous and located quite closely to each other, forming, in effect, a large group or a number of individual groups, intermediate which are tubes 105, extending downwardly through the bottom sheet, which are provided for the passage of a supply of air. v

The respective gas-chambers of a burner or heater embodying my invention are provided with mixing-pipes through which the required volumes of vaporor gas commingled with air are caused to iiow into the said gas-chambers, each mixing-pipe having in connection therewith a jet-valve or needle-valve, by means of which the required flow may be controlled as necessary. In Figs. l and 2 the mixing-pipe delivering into the auxiliary gas-chamber is designated 7c, and two mixing-pipes mm are shown arranged to deliver into the main gascham ber m. The correspondingjet-valves or needle-valves delivering vapor or gas into the open outer ends of the said mixing-pipes are designated n in the case of that pertaining to mixing-pipe llc for the auxiliary gas-chamber y, and 0 o in the case of those pertaining to the mixing-pipes m m of the main gas-chamber a: in said figures. The number of mixing-pipes, time., employed in connection with the respective gas-chambers Inay be varied as may be necessary. Usually one will suftice for the auxiliary gas-chamber and one or more may be used with the main gas-chamber.

At the top of the burner I arrange above the burner-outlets of both the outer series e and the central series e2 a vapor generator or vaporizer p, Figs. 1 and 2. The vaporizer shown in the accompanying drawings was designed especially for kerosene or the heavier hydrocarbons. It is in communication with 4o a suitable source of fuel-supply1 which will be usually a container. (Not necessary to be shown.) It also is in communication with the jet-valves or needle-valves, from which last the` fuel passes in the forms of jets of vapor out.

or gas into the open outer ends ofthe mixing- The Vaporizer p is represented in the drawings as of tubular form, circularin crosssection, although it obviously may be of any preferred shape in cross-section. Its interior passage is of relatively great length in proportion toits cross-sectional capacity and is preferably in that respect uniform through- It is preferred that the cross-sectional capacity should be relatively small in order that the greatest possible efliciency of the degree of heat which is applied may be secured by exposing the contents of said vaporizer to the-full effect of such heat and that by subjecting all portions of such contents alike to such effect they may be uniformly acted upon and converted thereby. Preferably I arrange and combine the vaporizer and the burneroutlets so as to cause the contents of the former to be subjected to the action of heat of increased intensities. In the embodiment of rizer is placed above the burner-outlets e of the main gas-chamber. Herein this portion D extends radially inward from the periphery of the burner toward the center of the top of the burner. The disposition thereof in this particular relation is not essential, however, so long as the coil C of the vaporizerp is so located as to receive the effect of the heat from the burner-outlets e2 of the auxiliary chamber. When the burner is in full operation, the said radially-extending portion D is subjected to the heat of the dames produced by the combustion of the streams of vapor or gas com mingled with air which rise from said burner-outlets ein proximity thereto. The greatest intensity of heat, however, is not applied to this portion. This portion of the vaporizer is that through which the supply of liquid fuel first flows and from which it passes to the more in tensely-heated coil C, located above the auxiliary chamber. The coil C and the auxiliary chamber are preferably located at the center of the burner, especially in burners of relatively small size. The said coil C and the burner-outlets e2 are arranged and combined to cause the contents of the vaporizer to be subjected to a very high temperature. Succeeding portions or turns of the coil are preferably slightly raised in height, as shown, whereby increased intensities of heat are applied to the contents of the vaporizer.

From the coil the vaporizer extends outward to the periphery of the burners, where it communicates with the jet-valves n, o, and o. After passing the coil C the contents of the'vaporizer in the condition of a vapor or gas of high tension flow outward through the discharge portion B of the vaporizer to the distributing-chamber q and thence to the jet-valves and discharge therefrom through suitable connections into the mixing-pipes, passing through the latter into the respective chambers and y. The relatively great length in proportion to the diameter or crosssectional capacity which is characteristic of my vaporizing device insures that substantially all portions of the contents of the vaporizer shall be subjected alike to the eect of the heat, and thus that they shall be uniformly converted under the protracted and intense action of the heat which is applied. In actual practice I have found that a vaporizing-tube of substantially th ree-eighths of an inch in interior diameter and forty inches in length from the point at which it first receives the direct action of the heat of the burner to the point at which it is united with the connections for the jet valves (these 'measurements including the discharge portion B) gives very satisfactory results; butI do` not confine myself to these proportions.

The outer extremity of the Vaporizer is connected with a chambered body or short IIO section of pipe, the same being designated q, l

Figs. 2 and 5. For convenience in reference I have termed this section a distributing-- chamber, since it is furnished with connecting pipes or extensions which lead to the respective jet-valves or needle-valves and convey supplies of vapor Yor gas to the ,latterf Its precise form and character and the mode and form of its connection with thevaporizer `and the jet-valves or needle-valves are not l convenient provision made for starting the heater or burner. vaporizer and the jet-Valve n a supplemental length of pipe, preferably in the form of a coil,`within which a portion of the kerosene or heavy hydrocarbon that is contained in the vaporizer at the time of "startin g may conveniently be converted into vapor by the Aready application of heat whereby to produce` asupplyof vapor which is sufficient to lill the auxiliary gas-chamber y, occasioning a liow of vapor through the centralburner-out-- lets, which maybe lighted so as` to heat the central coil of the vaporizer.

The starting-coil is designated r. It does not-form a part of the main pipe system 3Q through which the circulation of the fluid fuel is maintained during the normal operatlon of the burner; but it is supplemental thereto and is used only when the burner is 1 Figs. 1,3, and 5.

` g, which in the` main circulation system is lo-L cated between the two points of connection `s tobe started, after which itis preferably cut out and shut oft' from the main system. To this end it is connected at its inlet end to a suitable source of liquid-fuel supply and at its opposite or discharge end.to an instrumentality through which the auxiliary charn-` ber y is supplied with .the vapor or gas generated in it. For this purpose I find it con-` venient to connect its inlet with the outgoing portion B oft-he main vaporizer C, as at r',

Figs. `1 and 5, and its outlet with the jetvalve n ot' the mixing-pipe 7c, through which the auxiliary chamber y is supplied, as at r2, The distributing-chamber fr r2" of the start-ingfcoil, formed with a valve-seat r3, with which the inner end of the valvestern r4 cooperates and .by means of which communication between the main vap-` V orizer Ofand the several jet-valves is con-` trolled. At some point between its inlet rf and its outlet?n2 the starting-coil is provided with avalve T5, Fig. 5, by, means of which s `communication betweenthesource of fuelsupply (in this'instance B) and the starting-` 6o coil r canbe made or closed as desired. As shown, the valve is represented as located about midway on the` coil; butmanifestly itV can be located differently, if desired.

l' fer to place it nearto theoutlet r2, 'so as toV prevent the` gasjet of the needle-valve nl when established fromsucking or drawing. outalong with it the liquid contents,fif any Thus I combine with the l `the starting-coil.

there be, of the coil'r. `Instarting the burner Iif the valve T5 be opened (thevalve r4 being closed) the oil under pressure from pipe B will pass into the starting-coil, and if heat be applied to the latter the oil will be vaporized and the vapor will pass through the outlet r2 to the jet-valvefn of the mixing-pipe k, thus supplying to the central chamber y the gaseous fuel requisite to heat the main vaporizer C.

l lf desired, the startingcoil may be arranged to be heated by means of a torch suitably applied and held when it is desired to start the burner or heater; but preferably I provide a case or housing s, Fig. 3, within which the coil is suspended, as by hooks 85, or otherwise suitably secured, and the lower portion of which serves to hold a suitable quantity `of inflammable substance, which may be lighted and-which will serve to properly heat the coil. In practice I prefer to place in the lower portion of the case or housing s a quantity of asbestos or other suitable absorbent material, which I saturate with alcohol or the like for the purpose of heating At the lower front` portion or outside of the housing s I provide a. series `of draft-holes S2. These small holes not only supply air to the burning alcohol or other material which is employed to heat the starting-coil, but they also serve as convenient openings through which Kthe alcohol may be placed in the absorbent material within the lower portion of the case or housing and there ignited. For convenience I have hinged the outer wall of the case s, as at S7, and at the opposite side of the wall or door have provided a secu ring device S8. Thc'case or housing is preferably of the shape shown and suitably secured to the casing of the burner. Byforming it as shown it does not project far from the burner-case, is neat and compact, and occupies onlya minimum of space. The precise arrangement and disposition of the coil is not material. The interior of the housing may be lined with asbestos or other suitable non-heat-conductin g material. convolutions of the starting-coil are prefer ably separated as well as in a degree supported by interlacing wires s6 or the like. When the burner is not in use, by closing the valves 1'5 and r44 the dow of vapor or gas to the jet-` valves or needle-valves is entirely prevented. In operation the heater or burner will be started by closing the valves pertaining to the mixing-pipes m m of the main gas-chamber The IIO

w, closing also the valve n, pertaining to the` l mixing-pipe k of the auxiliary gas-chamber. y, closing the Valve r4, and openingvalve T5.

of the starting-coil. Then on, heating the starting-coil by the ignition of alcohol in the case or housing s the liquid kerosenewhich passes into the same from the vaporizer 29 will become vaporized, after which by open-.,

ingvalve n the said vapor or gas maybe caused to flow through `the mixing-pipe .7c into, the auxiliary gas chamber y. Assoon as forms sufficiently Within the vaporizer the valve T5 of the starting-coil will be closed, then cutting out the starting-coil from the main circulation system, and the valve r4 Will be Opened. When all is in readiness for starting the main burner, the valves 0 0' will be opened, causing vapor to flow through the corresponding mixing-pipes m m into the main gas-chamber as. As soon as streams of commingled vapor or gas and air begin to issue from the main burner-outlets c such streamsare ignited from the flames of the central burner-outlets c2. the heater or burner is to be discontinued temporarily, the valves 0 o will be closed, leaving valve n open. This will discontinue the flow into the main chamber x; but the iiow into the auxiliary gas-chamber y will continue, so that the flames from the burneroutlets e2 in connection With the said auxiliary gas-chamber will continue burning and will maintain a constant supply of vapor or gas of high tension within the vaporizer. The said dames also serve to relight the streams of vapor or/gas which Will issue from the main burner-outlets c when the valves o o' are opened again.

By the employment of my invention a compact and efficient burner especially adapted for the use of the heavier hydrocarbons as a fuel maybe constructed. The device is very quickly put into full operation by the employment of the starting-coil, which latter is connected and disconnected with the fuel-supply at will and plays no part in the operation of the burner after it has performed its function of first starting the burner in operation. When the device is in operation,the main burners are readily controlled. When temporarily out of use, the main burners may be cut off,ohviating Waste and effecting economy in fuel Without interfering with the maintenance of-a supply of gas necessary to instantly start them again and continue them in operation. When gas is supplied to the main burners, it instantly ignites from the burners connected With the auxiliary chamber, the gas arising from which latter is kept constantly burning in such volume and in such relation to the coil as to heat the vaporizer effectively and reduce to a ininithese advantages my invention, as will be clear, is particularly adapted for use in self- When the use of` discharge into said connections, and means' independent of said burner-outlets arranged to heat said auxiliary vaporizer, substantially as described.

3. A hydrocarbon heater or burner comprising main and auxiliary gas-chambers having burner-outlets, a vaporizer receiving heat from said burner-outlets, connections from such vaporizer arranged to discharge vapor into the main and auxiliary gas-chambers, a coil auxiliary vaporizer arranged to discharge into said auxiliary gas-chamber, means for controlling the flow through said auxiliary vaporizer, and means independent of said burner-outlets arranged to heat said auxiliary vaporizer, substantially as described.

4. Ahydrocarbon heater or burnercomprising a gas-chamber having burner-outlets, a vaporizer receiving fuel at one endand from the other end of which vapor passes to said gas-chamber,said vaporizer being heated from said burner-ou tlets,a vapor-supply conduit intermediate said vaporizer and said gas-chamber, a starting-coil connected at one end With a source of oil-supply and connected at the other end with the said vapor-supply conduit, and means independent of the burner-outlets to heat the said coil, substantially as described.

5. Ahydrocarbon heaterorburnercomprising a gas-chamber having burner-outlets, a main circulation system, a main vaporizer forming a part of said system, supplied with oil therethrough, and receiving heat directly from said burner-outlets, aconduit also forming part of said system and conveying the vapor from said vaporizer vto the gas-chamber, an auxiliary or starting coil connected with the said system, receiving oil therethrough, and supplying vapor to the said conduit, and means independent of the burner-outlets to heat the said coil, substantially as described.

6. Ahydrocarbon heater or burnercomprising a gaschamber provided with burner-outlets; a vaporizer receiving heat from said burner-outlets and supplying vapor or gas to said gas-chamber; means to control the flow of vapor or gas to the said burner-outlets; a starting-coil connected with said vaporizer and supplying vapor or gas to said burneroutlets,"and means to permit flow from the vaporizer through said starting-coil and disestablish direct communication between the vvaporizer and the burner-outlets in starting IOO IIO

through said starting-coil and establish direct communication between -the vaporizer and the burner-.outlets during the regular working of the heater or burner,` substantially as described.

` 7.` Ahydrocarbonburnerorheatercomprisingmain and auxiliary -gas-.chambers provided with `burner-outlets; a'vaporizer receiving heat from said outlets and supplying `vapor or gas to said chambers; Vmeans to control the iiow to the respective series of burner- "outlets; a starting-coil connected with said vaporizer and also adapted to supply vapor .or gas to said burner-outlets; and means to starting-coil and disestablish direct comm unipermit flow from said vaporizer through said cation between the vaporizer and the burneroutlets in starting up, and to prevent iiow `from the vaporizer through said starting-coil i por or gas thereto; means to control the flow to the respective series of burner-outlets; a

starting-coil connected'with said vaporizerl i and also adapted to supply vapor or gas to the burner-outlets of said auxiliary gas-chaml ber, and a valve to permit dow from the vapi orizerthrough` said starting-coil and dises-, tablish direct communication between the i vaporizer and the burner-outlets in starting up, and `to prevent iow from the vaporizer through said starting-coil and establishdi--` rect communication between the vaporizer andthe burner-.outlets during the regular `working of the heater or burner substantially as described.`

9. i Theimproved hydrocarbon-burner comi prising a main gas-chamber provided with burneroutlets; an auxiliary gas chamber provided with burner-outlets; mixing-pipes respectively supplying the respective gascham bers; a vaporizer so placed as to receive heat from both series of said burner-outlets;

valves respectively discharging the vapor generated by said vaporizer into said respective mixing-pipes; a starting-coil connected with said vaporizer; and means to permit fiow from the vaporizer through said starting-coil and disestablish direct communication between the vaporizer and said valves,y in starting up, and to prevent iiow from the vaporizer through said starting-.coil and establish direct communication between the vaporizer and the burner-outlets during the regular working of the heater or burner, sub'- stantially as described.

l0. Theimproved hydrocarbon-burner comprising a main gas-chamberprovided with burner-outlets; an auxiliary gas-ehamber provided with burner-outlets; mixing-pipes respectively supplying the respective gaschambers; a vaporizer in position to receive heat from both series of burner-outlets; a distributing-chamber in communication with said vaporizer; valves respectively receiving vapor from said distributing-chamber and discharging the same into the respective miX- ing-pipes; a starting-coil in communication with the said vaporizer; and means to disestablish low from the vaporizer to the said distributing-chamber and permit flow therefrom through the starting-coil, in starting up, and to prevent flow from the vaporizer through said starting-coil and establish direct communication between the vaporizer and the burner-outlets during the regular working of the heater or burner, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses. i

i FRED F. DOW.

Witnesses:

OHAS. F. RANDALL, ALICE H. MORRISON. 

